Imakethe ihlinzeka ngamamitha ahlukahlukene wokusebenza, kusukela kumathuluzi aselabhorethri ayinkimbinkimbi kuya kumathuluzi ensimu alula kanye namadivayisi okuqapha inqubo yesikhathi sangempela. Uhlobo ngalunye lwenzelwe ukufeza izinjongo ezihlukile. Lo mhlahlandlela uzokuyisa ohambweni olubanzi ngokusebenzisa izimiso zokuklama, izinzuzo eziyinhloko, ama-nuances abalulekile wezobuchwepheshe, kanye nokusetshenziswa okuyingqayizivele kwezinhlobo zamamitha okuqhuba, ukuhlinzeka ngensiza enemininingwane yokukhetha nokusebenzisa imishini yokulinganisa i-conductivity ngempumelelo.

Okuqukethwe:

1. Izingxenye Eziwumongo Zamamitha Okuqhuba

2. Umgomo Wokusebenza Wamamitha Wokuqhuba

3. Zonke Izinhlobo zamamitha okuqhuba

4. Izinto Okufanele Zibhekwe Lapho Ukhetha Imitha Yokuqhuba

5. Ilinganisa Kanjani Imitha Yokuqhuba?

6. Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

I. Izingxenye Eziwumongo Zamamitha Wokuqhuba

Ngaphambi kokungena ezinhlotsheni ezithile zokulinganisa i-conductivity, ake sihlole izakhi eziyisisekelo zawo wonke amamitha we-conductivity, okuzokwenza kube lula kakhulu ukukhetha imitha ye-conductivity:

1. I-Conductivity Sensor (Probe/Electrode)

Le ngxenye isebenzisana ngokuqondile nesixazululo ngaphansi kokuhlolwa, izwa izinguquko ekuphatheni kukagesi noma ukumelana phakathi kwama-electrode awo ukuze kulinganiswe ukugxiliswa kwe-ion.

2. Iyunithi yamamitha

Le ngxenye ye-elekthronikhi inesibopho sokukhiqiza i-voltage yamanje eshintshashintshayo enembile (AC), ukucubungula isignali kusuka kunzwa, nokuguqula ukulinganisa okungavuthiwe kube ivelu ye-conductivity efundekayo.

3. Inzwa Yokushisa

I-Conductivity izwela kakhulu ekuhlukeni kwezinga lokushisa. Kuhlanganiswe ngaphakathi kophenyo,iinzwa yokushisangokuqhubekayoiqapha izinga lokushisa lesixazululo futhi isebenzise isinxephezelo sezinga lokushisa esidingekayo, iqinisekise ukunemba nokuqhathaniswa kwemiphumela yokulinganisa.

II. Umgomo Wokusebenza Wamamitha Wokuqhuba

Ithiyori yokusebenza yemitha ye-conductivity incike kunqubo ye-elekthronikhi neye-electrochemical enembile ekala ikhono lesixazululo lokuthwala intambo kagesi.

Isinyathelo 1: Khiqiza i-current

Idivayisi ye-conductivity iqala lesi silinganiso ngokusebenzisa i-voltage yamanje eshintshashintshayo ezinzile (AC) kuwo wonke ama-electrode wenzwa (noma i-probe).

Uma inzwa icwiliswa kwisisombululo, ama-ion ancibilikile (ama-cations nama-anions) akhululekile ukunyakaza. Ngaphansi kwethonya lenkambu kagesi edalwe amandla kagesi e-AC, lawa ma-ion athutheleka aye kuma-electrode ashajwe ngokuphambene, enze igagasi likagesi eligeleza kusixazululo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi e-AC kubalulekile ngoba kuvimbela ukuhlukaniswa nokonakala kwe-electrode, okungaholela ekufundweni okunganembile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Isinyathelo sesi-2: Bala i-conductance

Iyunithi yemitha ibe isikala ubukhulu balo msinga (I) ogeleza esixazululweni. Ukusebenzisa ifomu elihlelwe kabusha leUmthetho ka-Om(G = I / V), lapho u-V kuyi-voltage esetshenziswayo, imitha ibala indlela yokusingatha ugesi yesixazululo (G), okubhekisela esilinganisweni sokuthi amanje ageleza kalula kangakanani phakathi kwama-electrode athile ngaphakathi kwevolumu ethile yoketshezi.

Isinyathelo sesi-3: Thola i-conductivity ethile

Ukuze uthole ukuqhutshwa okuqondile (κ), impahla engaphakathi engazimele ku-geometry ye-probe, ukuqhutshwa kwesilinganiso (G) kufanele kujwayeleke.

Lokhu kufinyelelwa ngokuphindaphinda ukuqhutshwa kwe-probe's fixed cell constant (K), okuyingxenye yejometri echazwa ibanga eliphakathi kwama-electrode nendawo yawo engaphezulu esebenzayo.

I-conductivity yokugcina, ethize ibalwa kusetshenziswa ubuhlobo: κ = G·K.

III. Zonke Izinhlobo zama-Conductivity Meters

Ngokusekelwe kuzimo zohlelo lokusebenza nokunemba okudingekayo, amamitha wokusebenza angahlukaniswa ngobubanzi. Lokhu okuthunyelwe kuqoqa wonke futhi kukuhambise kuwo ngamunye ngamunye ukuze uthole ukuqonda okuningiliziwe.

1. Amamitha Aphathekayo Wokuqhuba

I-conductivity ephathekayoamamitha kukhonaamathuluzi okuhlaziya akhethekile akhelwe ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ukuxilonga endaweni. Ifilosofi yabo yokuklama eyisisekelo ibeka phambili i-trifecta ebalulekile: ukwakhiwa okungasindi, ukuqina okuqinile, nokuphatheka okukhethekile.

Lesi sici siqinisekisa ukuthi ukunemba kokulinganisa kwebanga laselabhorethri kulethwa ngokuthembekile ngokuqondile kumthombo wesixazululo wesampula, okunciphisa ngempumelelo ukubambezeleka kokuhleleka nokukhulisa ukuguquguquka kokusebenza.

Amathuluzi aphathekayo we-conductivity akhelwe ngokukhethekile umsebenzi wasendle onzima. Ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza okuqhubekayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima zangaphandle nezezimboni, zifaka amandla asebenza ngebhethri futhi zakhiwe ngokucophelela ngamadizayini angangeni uthuli futhi angangeni manzi (ngokuvamile acaciswe isilinganiso se-IP).

Amamitha akhuphula kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kulo mkhakha ngokunikeza izikhathi zokuphendula ngokushesha ngemiphumela esheshayo, ezihambisana namandla ahlanganisiwe wokuloga idatha. Le nhlanganisela ibenza babe ukukhetha okuqondilengokusheshaamanziizingaukuhlola ngaphesheyaizindawo ezikude kanye nezitezi zokukhiqiza zezimboni ezinwetshiwe.

Izicelo Ezibanzi Zemitha Yokuhamba Okuphathekayo

Ukuvumelana nezimo nokuqina kwamamitha we-conductivity ephathekayo kuwenza abaluleke kakhulu kuzo zonke izimboni ezibalulekile:

1. Ukuqapha imvelo:Amamitha e-EC aphathekayo angamathuluzi abalulekile okuhlola izinga lamanzi, ukwenza ucwaningo lwemifula, amachibi, namanzi angaphansi komhlaba, kanye nokuhlonza imithombo yokungcola.

2. Ezolimo kanye nezasemanzini:Lawa mamitha angasindi asetshenziselwa ukuqapha amanzi okunisela, izixazululo zezakhamzimba ze-hydroponic, kanye nekhwalithi yamanzi echibi lezinhlanzi ukuze kugcinwe usawoti omningi kanye nokugxila kwezakhi.

3. Ukuhlolwa kwendawo yezimboni:Amamitha ahlinzeka ngokuhlolwa okusheshayo, kokuqala kwamanzi acutshungulwayo, njengamanzi ombhoshongo wokupholisa, amanzi abhayela, kanye nokukhishwa kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini.

4. Umsebenzi wezemfundo nocwaningo:Ukusebenziseka kalula nokusebenziseka kalula kwenza amamitha aphathekayo afanelekele ukufundisa kwangaphandle nokuhlolwa kwenkundla okuyisisekelo, okuhlinzeka ngokuqoqwa kwedatha yabafundi nabacwaningi.

Ukuhlukahluka kwalolu phenyo kuqinisekisa ukuthi imitha inikeza ukuguquguquka ezilungiselelweni ezihlukahlukene zemvelo, ihlanganisa yonke into kusukela emanzini ahlanzekile uma kuqhathaniswa nezixazululo eziningi zikasawoti.

2. Ibhentshi-top Conductivity Amamitha

Iimitha conductivity benchtopiyithuluzi elisebenza kahle kakhulu le-electrochemistry eliqondene ngqo nocwaningo oluqinile kanye nezimo ezifunwayo zokulawulwa kwekhwalithi (QC), okuqinisekisa ukunemba okungaguquki nokuzinza kokusebenza kwedatha yokuhlaziya ebucayi. Iphawuleka ngedizayini enemisebenzi eminingi neqinile, inikeza amandla okulinganisa abanzi ebangeni elibanzi, kusukela ku-0 µS/cm kufika ku-100 mS/cm.

I-benchtop conductivity meter imele i-apex ye-electrochemistry instrumentation yocwaningo olufunayo kanye nezindawo eziqinile zokulawulwa kwekhwalithi (QC). Ngokunemba okuphezulu, imisebenzi eminingi, kanye nemisebenzi eqinile, le mitha yebhentshi-top igxile ekuletheni ukunemba okungaguquki nokuzinza, okuqinisekisa ubuqotho bedatha yokuhlaziya ebalulekile.

Idizayinelwe ukukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kwaselabhorethri nokuqinisekisa ukwethembeka kwedatha, le mitha yenza kube nokwenzeka ukukalwa ngasikhathi sinye kwamapharamitha abalulekile njenge-EC,I-TDS, kanye Nosawoti, okubandakanya amakhono ongawakhethakwepH,I-ORP, kanye ne-ISE, ngesisekelo sokusebenza kwayo okwenziwa lula ngokusebenzisa i-ipharamitha eminingiukukalaukuhlanganiswa.

Lo mshini omangelengele usebenza njengesixazululo sokuhlola konke-konke, okuthuthukisa ukuphuma kwaselabhorethri. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphathwa kwedatha okuthuthukisiwe (isitoreji esivikelekile, ukuthekelisa, ukuphrinta) kuqinisekisa ukuthobelana okugcwele namazinga e-GLP/GMP, okuhlinzeka ngedatha elandelekayo nethobelana nokuhlolwa kwedatha enciphisa ubungozi bokulawula.

Okokugcina, ngokuhlanganiswa kwezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-probe kanye namanani e-K athile (okungaguquguquki kwamaseli), ukusebenza okuphelele kuwo wonke amasampula amasampula ahlukahlukene kuyaqinisekiswa, kusukela emanzini ahlanzekile kuya kuzixazululo zokugxila okuphezulu.

Izicelo Ezibanzi Zamamitha Wokuqhuba Ibhentshi-phezulu

Lolu hlelo olusebenza kahle kakhulu lwebhentshi oluphezulu lubalulekile ezinhlanganweni ezidinga imiphumela eqondile, enokuzethemba okuphezulu:

1. Imithi & Ukudla/Isiphuzo QC:Imitha engaphezulu kwebhentshi ibalulekile ekuhlolweni kokulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile (i-QC) yakho kokubili izinto ezingavuthiwe nemikhiqizo yokugcina, lapho ukuthobela imithetho kungaxoxiswana khona.

2. Ucwaningo Nokuthuthukiswa Kwesayensi:Inikeza ukunemba okuphezulu okudingekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe izinto ezintsha, ukuqapha ukuhlanganiswa kwamakhemikhali, kanye nokwenza kahle kwenqubo.

3. Ukuphathwa kwamanzi ezimbonini:Imitha ephezulu ebhentshini ibalulekile ekuhlaziyweni okunembayo kwekhwalithi yamanzi kuzo zonke izinhlelo zamanzi ahlanzekile (i-UPW), izikhungo zamanzi okuphuza, nokuhlanza amanzi angcolile ezimbonini, ukusiza izikhungo zigcine ukusebenza kahle kanye namazinga emvelo.

4. Amalabhorethri amakhemikhali:Isetshenziselwa imisebenzi eyisisekelo efana nokulungiswa kwesixazululo okunembile, ukucaciswa kwamakhemikhali, kanye nokunqunywa kwephoyinti lokugcina lokunemba kwe-titration, imitha yakha isisekelo sokunemba kwaselabhorethri.

3. Amamitha Wokuqhutshwa Kwezimboni ku-inthanethi

Idizayinelwe ngokukhethekile izindawo zezinqubo ezizenzakalelayo, uchungechunge lwamamitha wokusebenza ku-inthanethi wezimboni luhlanganisa ifilosofi yokuklama eqhubekayo, yokuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela, ukwethembeka okuphezulu, nokuhlanganiswa okungenazihibe kuzakhiwo zokulawula ezikhona.

Lezi zisetshenziswa ezimangelengele, ezizinikele zingena esikhundleni sokusampula okwenziwa ngesandla ngokusakazwa kwedatha okungaphazamiseki okungama-24/7, asebenza njengenodi yenzwa ebalulekile yokuthuthukisa inqubo, ukulawula, nokuvikela izinto zokusebenza ezibizayo. Zibalulekile kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi lapho ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwekhwalithi yamanzi noma ukugxila kwesisombululo kubalulekile ekugcineni ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukusebenza kahle, nokuhambisana nomthetho.

Lawa mamitha wokusebenza kwezimboni ahlinzeka ngokulawulwa kwenqubo yesikhathi sangempela ngokuqhubekayo ngokuletha idatha ukuze kutholwe ukudidayo okusheshayo. Zihlanganisa imiklamo eqinile, enakekela kancane, ngokuvamile esebenzisa izinzwa ezithuthukisiwe zokungenisa, ukuze zisetshenziswe kumidiya eqinile, kuyilapho iqinisekisa ukunemba ezinhlelweni ezibucayi njengamanzi e-ultrapure. Ukuhlanganiswa kwayo okungenamthungo ezinhlelweni ze-PLC/DCS kufinyelelwa nge-4-20mA ejwayelekile kanye nezivumelwano zedijithali.

Izicelo Ezibanzi Zamamitha Wokuqhuba Izimboni eziku-inthanethi

Amandla okuqapha aqhubekayo alawa mamitha e-EC aku-inthanethi noma ezimboni asetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinqubo zezimboni ezisezingeni eliphezulu:

1. Ukwelashwa Nokuphatha Amanzi Embonini:Amamitha ezimboni aku-inthanethi asetshenziselwa ukuqapha ngokujulile ukusebenza kahle kwamayunithi we-Reverse Osmosis (RO), amasistimu okushintshanisa ama-ion, namamojula we-EDI. Zibalulekile futhi ekulawuleni ukugxilisa ingqondo okuqhubekayo emanzini okubhayela nemibhoshongo yokupholisa, okuthuthukisa imijikelezo yokugxilisa ingqondo nokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali.

2. Ukukhiqizwa Kwamakhemikhali Nokulawulwa Kwenqubo:Amamitha ngu-ekubalulekile ekuqashweni ku-inthanethi kokugxila kwe-asidi/isisekelo, ukulandelela inqubekelaphambili yokusabela, nokuqinisekiswa kobumsulwa bomkhiqizo, ukuqinisekisa ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali okungaguquki kanye nemikhiqizo yenqubo.

3. Ukukhiqiza Okuhlanzekile:Kuyisibopho sokuphepha kwemishini nokusebenza ngempumelelo komkhiqizo, lawa mathuluzi aku-inthanethi asetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zemithi namandla okuphehla amandla ukuze kuqashwe nge-inthanethi ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi acwebile, i-condensate, kanye nekhwalithi yamanzi okuphakelayo, ukuqinisekisa ukulawula ukungcoliswa okuphelele.

4. Inhlanzeko Yokudla Neziphuzo:Isetshenziselwa ukulawulwa ku-inthanethi kwe-CIP (Clean-in-Place) ukugxila kwesisombululo kanye nezilinganiso ezinembile zokuhlanganisa umkhiqizo, amamitha wokusebenza ku-inthanethi ahlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuthuthwa kwendle ngokuphelele kuyilapho enciphisa udoti wamanzi namakhemikhali.

4. Abahloli bePocket Conductivity (Isitayela sepeni)

Laba bahloli besitayela sepeni baklanyelwe ukuhlinzeka ngokunethezeka okungenakuqhathaniswa kanye nenani elikhethekile lokuhlola ikhwalithi yamanzi evamile, okwenza amandla okuhlaziya asheshayo afinyeleleke kakhulu. Isikhalo esibalulekile silele ekuphathekeni kwazo ngokwedlulele: idizayini ehlangene kakhulu, enosayizi wepeni ivumela ukulinganisa kwangempela lapho uhamba, isuse inkimbinkimbi yokuhlela yokusetha elabhorethri.

Idizayinelwe wonke amaleveli abasebenzisi, lawa mamitha agcizelela ubulula be-plug-and-play. Ukusebenza ngokuvamile kuhilela izinkinobho ezincane, ukuqinisekisa ukufinyeleleka okuphezulu komsebenzisi kanye nokuhlinzeka ngemininingwane esheshayo, engenzeka ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile. Lokhu kusebenziseka kalula kusekela abasebenzisi abadinga izilinganiso ezisheshayo, eziyinkomba zokuhlanzeka kwesixazululo nokugxilisa ingqondo esikhundleni sokunemba okuphezulu, idatha ehloliwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lawa mathuluzi abiza kakhulu. Zibekwe endaweni yenani eliphansi kunamathuluzi e-benchtop, zenza ukuhlola kwamanzi okuthembekile kufinyeleleke kubantu abaqaphela ibhajethi kanye nomphakathi jikelele. Isici esibalulekile sokusebenza yikhono lokuhlinzeka ngesilinganiso esisheshayo se-TDS eceleni kokufundwa kwe-EC okuyinhloko. Nakuba kusekelwe ku-conversion factor standardized, lesi sici sinikeza isifinyezo esisheshayo sekhwalithi yamanzi evamile, esifeza izidingo zabasebenzisi abafuna isihloli samanzi esilula, esithembekile.

Izicelo ezibanzi zePeni EC Meter

I-ultra-compact pen-style conductivity tester ifaneleka ngokuphelele kumalabhorethri amagumbi amancane, imisebenzi ekhula ngokuqinile, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwensimu lapho ukusebenza kahle kwesikhala kubalulekile.

1. Ukusetshenziswa Kwamanzi Abathengi Nasekhaya:Ilungele ukuhlolwa okulula kokuhlanzeka kwamanzi okuphuza, impilo yamanzi e-aquarium, noma ikhwalithi yamanzi yokubhukuda. Lokhu kuyimpokophelo eyinhloko yabanikazi bezindlu nabathanda ukuzilibazisa.

2. I-Small-Scale Hydroponics and Gardening:Isetshenziselwa ukuhlola okuyisisekelo kokugxiliswa kwesisombululo sezakhi, ihlinzeka abalimi abasafunda kanye nabancane ngedatha ebalulekile yokuphatha impilo yezitshalo ngaphandle kwemishini ekhethekile.

3. Izinhlelo Zezemfundo Nezokufinyelela:Ukuba lula kwazo kanye nezindleko eziphansi kuzenza zibe amathuluzi okufundisa aphelele ukusiza abafundi nomphakathi baqonde umqondo wokuqhuba kahle kanye nokuhlobana kwawo nezinto eziqinile ezincibilikisiwe emanzini.

IV. Izinto Okufanele Zibhekwe Lapho Ukhetha Imitha Yokuqhuba

Lapho ukhetha imitha ye-conductivity, ukukhethwa kufanele kuhambisane nezidingo ezithile zezicelo zemiphumela ethembekile nokusebenza kahle. Ngezansi izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele ngesikhathi sokukhetha imitha ye-EC:

Isici 1: Ibanga Lokulinganisa Nokunemba

Ibanga lokulinganisa nokunemba yizinto ezicatshangelwayo, ezibalulekile. Kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi imikhawulo yokusebenza kwethuluzi ifanele amanani wokuqhuba wezisombululo oziqondise.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, hlola ukunemba nokunemba okudingekayo; imininingwane yobuchwepheshe yemitha kufanele ihambisane nezinga elidingekayo lemininingwane yamazinga akho ekhwalithi noma izinjongo zocwaningo.

Isici sesi-2: Izinto zemvelo

Ngalé kwamandla okulinganisa ayisisekelo, izici zemvelo zidinga ukunakwa. Isinxephezelo sezinga lokushisa siyisici esibalulekile uma isixazululo noma izimo ze-ambient zishintshashintsha, njengoba silungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukufundwa kwezinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lereferensi, liqinisekisa ukuvumelana.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhetha kwe-probe efanele akuxoxiswana ngakho. Noma kunjalo, izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-probe zenzelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukile nemidiya. Ukukhetha nje uphenyo oluhambisana namakhemikhali kokubili nenjongo ehloliwe futhi elungele ngokomzimba indawo ehloliwe.

Isici sesi-3: Ukusebenza Ngempumelelo Nokuhlanganiswa Kwedatha

Okokugcina, ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza kahle nokuhlanganiswa kwedatha kufanele kucatshangelwe. Isixhumi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi kufanele sifake izilawuli ezinembile nesibonisi esicacile ukuze kuncishiswe isikhathi sokuqeqeshwa kanye namaphutha angaba khona.

Bese, hlola izidingo zokuxhuma. Nquma ukuthi udinga ukuloga kwedatha, ukuxhumana kwedivayisi yangaphandle, noma ukuhlanganiswa okungenazihibe ne-Laboratory Information Management Systems (LIMS) ukuze ubike ngendlela elula futhi uhambisane nayo.

V. Ilinganiswa Kanjani Imitha Yokuqhuba?

Ukulinganisa imitha ye-conductivity kubalulekile ezilinganisweni ezinembile. Inqubo isebenzisa isixazululo esijwayelekile se-conductivity eyaziwayo ukulungisa ukungaguquguquki kweseli yangaphakathi yemitha, okuyintokuhilela izinyathelo ezinhlanu eziyinhloko: ukulungisa, ukuhlanza, ukulinganisa izinga lokushisa, ukulinganisa, nokuqinisekisa.

1. Ukulungiselela

Isinyathelo 1:Nquma conductivity entshaisisombululo esijwayelekileeduze kwebanga lesampula elijwayelekile (isb., 1413 µS/cm), amanzi acwengiwe noma akhishiwe ukuze ageze, namabhikha ahlanzekile.

Qaphela ukuthi ungaphindi usebenzise izixazululo zokulinganisa njengoba zingcoliswa kalula futhi azinawo amandla okubhafa.

2. Ukuhlanza Nokuhlanza

Isinyathelo 1:Hlanza kahle i-conductivity probe ngamanzi a-distilled noma akhishwe ukuze ususe noma iyiphi insalela yesampula.

Isinyathelo sesi-2:Gcoba ngobumnene i-probe ngendwangu ethambile, engena-lint noma izicubu. Futhi, gwema ukuthinta ama-electrode ngeminwe njengoba i-probe ingase ingcoliseke.

3. Ukulinganisa Izinga lokushisa

Isinyathelo 1: Thela indinganiso emkhunjini ohlosiwe.

Isinyathelo sesi-2:Gxilisa ngokugcwele i-conductivity probe kusixazululo esijwayelekile. Qinisekisa ukuthi ama-electrode ambozwe ngokuphelele futhi awekho amabhamuza omoya avaleleke phakathi kwawo (thepha kancane noma shwiba i-probe ukuze ukhiphe noma yimaphi amabhamuza).

Isinyathelo sesi-3:Vumela i-probe kanye nesisombululo ukuhlala imizuzu engu-5-10 ukuze ufinyelele ukulingana kokushisa. I-Conductivity incike kakhulu ezingeni lokushisa, ngakho lesi sinyathelo sibalulekile ukuze kube nokunemba.

4. Ukulinganisa

Isinyathelo 1:Qala imodi yokulinganisa kumitha, okuvame ukuhlanganisa ukucindezela nokubamba inkinobho ethi “CAL” noma “Umsebenzi” ngokusekelwe kumanuwali imitha.

Isinyathelo sesi-2:Ukuze uthole imitha eyenziwa ngesandla, lungisa inani elibonisiwe imitha usebenzisa izinkinobho zemicibisholo noma i-potentiometer ukuze ifane nevelu ye-conductivity eyaziwayo yesisombululo esivamile kuzinga lokushisa lamanje.

Ngemitha ezenzakalelayo, vele uqinisekise inani lezinga, uvumele imitha ukuthi ilungise, bese ulondoloza njalo iseli entsha.

5. Ukuqinisekisa

Isinyathelo 1:Hlanza i-probe futhi ngamanzi a-distilled. Bese, ukala ingxenye entsha yezinga lokulinganisa elifanayo noma izinga elihlukile, lesibili uma wenza ukulinganisa kwamaphoyinti amaningi.

Isinyathelo sesi-2:Ukufundwa kwemitha kufanele kusondele kakhulu kunani elaziwayo lezinga, ngokuvamile phakathi kuka-±1% kuya ku-±2%. Uma ukufundwa kungaphezu kwebanga elamukelekayo, hlanza i-probe ngokucophelela futhi uphinde yonke inqubo yokulinganisa.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Q1. Iyini i-conductivity?

I-Conductivity isho ikhono lento ukuqhuba umsinga kagesi. Kuyisilinganiso sokuhlangana kwama-ion akhona esixazululo.

Q2. Imaphi amayunithi asetshenziswa ukukala conductivity?

I-conductivity ivamise ukukalwa nge-Siemens imitha ngayinye (S/m) noma i-microsiemens ngesentimitha (μS/cm).

Q3. Ingabe imitha ye-conductivity ingakala ukuhlanzeka kwamanzi?

Yebo, amamitha we-conductivity avame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukuhlanzeka kwamanzi. Amanani aphezulu e-conductivity angabonisa ukuba khona kokungcola noma ama-ion ancibilikisiwe.

Q4. Ingabe amamitha we-conductivity afanele ukukalwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu?

Yebo, amanye amamitha we-conductivity aklanyelwe ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu futhi angakala ngokunembile ukuqhutshwa kwezixazululo ezishisayo.

Q5. Kufanele ngilinganise kangaki imitha yami ye-conductivity?

Imvamisa yokulinganisa incike kumitha ethile kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo. Kunconywa ukuthi ulandele imihlahlandlela yomkhiqizi ngezikhawu zokulinganisa.