Isingeniso
Izidingo zokunemba nokuthembeka zokukalwa kanye nokulawulwa kokugeleza kwendle eziteshini zokuhlanza indle yase-oilfield ziya ngokuya ngokuya phezulu. Lesi sihloko sethula ukukhethwa nokusebenza kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-flowmeters kagesi. Chaza izici zayo ekukhetheni nasekusetshenzisweni kwayo.
Amamitha okugeleza angenye yamathuluzi ambalwa okunzima ukuwasebenzisa kunokuwenza. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinga lokugeleza liyinani eliguqukayo, futhi akukhona kuphela ukungqubuzana kwe-viscous oketshezini olunyakazayo kodwa futhi nezimo zokugeleza eziyinkimbinkimbi njengama-vortices angazinzile nokugeleza kwesibili. Ithuluzi lokulinganisa ngokwalo lithintwa izici eziningi, njengepayipi, usayizi wekhalibha, umumo (oyisiyingi, unxande), izimo zomngcele, izici ezibonakalayo zendawo emaphakathi (izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, ukuminyana, i-viscosity, ukungcola, ukubola, njll.), ukugeleza koketshezi (isimo sesiphithiphithi, ukusatshalaliswa kwesivinini, njll.) kanye nomthelela wezimo zokufakwa namaleveli. Ibhekene nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kweshumi nambili namakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zamamitha okugeleza ekhaya naphesheya (ezifana nevolumu, ingcindezi ehlukile, i-turbine, indawo, i-electromagnetic, i-ultrasonic, namamitha okugeleza ashisayo athuthukiswe ngokulandelana), indlela yokukhethwa okunengqondo kwezinto ezifana nesimo sokugeleza, izidingo zokufakwa, izimo zemvelo, kanye nomnotho kuyisisekelo nesisekelo sokusetshenziswa okuhle kwamamitha okugeleza. Ngokungeziwe ekuqinisekiseni ikhwalithi yethuluzi ngokwalo, ukuhlinzekwa kwedatha yenqubo nokuthi ingabe ukufakwa, ukusetshenziswa, nokugcinwa kwethuluzi kunengqondo nakho kubaluleke kakhulu. Lesi sihloko sethula ukukhethwa nokusebenzisa imitha yokugeleza kagesi.
Ukukhetha imitha yokugeleza kagesi
Ngokuthuthukiswa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe bokutholwa okuzenzakalelayo buye bathuthukiswa kakhulu, futhi amathuluzi okubona ngokuzenzakalelayo nawo asetshenziswe kabanzi ekuhlanzeni indle, ukuze izitshalo zokuhlanza indle zingagcini nje ukulondoloza inqwaba yabasebenzi kanye nezinsiza ezibonakalayo kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, zingaba ngesikhathi esifanele Yenza izinguquko kule nqubo. Lesi sihloko sizothatha imitha yokugeleza kukagesi ye-Hangzhou Asmik njengesibonelo ukwethula ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi okuthola ngokuzenzekelayo ekuhlanzeni indle kanye nezinye izinkinga ezikhona.
Isimiso sesakhiwo semitha yokugeleza kagesi
Ithuluzi lokuthola okuzenzakalelayo lingenye yezinhlelo ezingaphansi eziyinhloko ohlelweni lokulawula oluzenzakalelayo. Ithuluzi elivamile lokuthola okuzenzakalelayo ngokuyinhloko lakhiwe izingxenye ezintathu: ① inzwa, esebenzisa amasignali ahlukahlukene ukuze ithole ubuningi be-analogi obukaliwe; ② umthumeli, oguqula isignali ye-analog elinganiswa inzwa ibe isignali yamanje engu-4-20mA bese iyithumela ku-In the programmable logic controller (PLC); ③ isibonisi, esibonisa imiphumela yokulinganisa ngokunembile futhi sinikeze imiphumela. Lezi zingxenye ezintathu zihlangene ngokwemvelo, futhi ngaphandle kwanoma iyiphi ingxenye, azikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi ithuluzi eliphelele. Ithuluzi lokutholwa okuzenzakalelayo lisetshenziswe kabanzi ekukhiqizeni izimboni ngenxa yezimpawu zayo zokulinganisa okunembile, ukubonisa okucacile, nokusebenza okulula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithuluzi lokutholwa okuzenzakalelayo linokuxhumana ne-microcomputer ngaphakathi, futhi liyingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yokulawula okuzenzakalelayo. Ibizwa ngokuthi “I-Eyes of an Automation Control System”.
Ukukhetha imitha yokugeleza kagesi
Ekukhiqizweni kwe-oilfield, isamba esikhulu sokukhucululwa kwendle okunamafutha sizokhiqizwa ngenxa yezidingo zenqubo yokukhiqiza, futhi isiteshi sokuhlanza indle kufanele siqaphe ukugeleza kwendle. Emiklamo edlule, eminingiamamitha okugelezaamamitha okugeleza kwe-vortex kanye namamitha okugeleza kwe-orifice. Kodwa-ke, ezinhlelweni ezisebenzayo, kutholakala ukuthi inani lokubonisa ukugeleza okulinganiselwe linokuphambuka okukhulu ekugelezeni kwangempela, futhi ukuchezuka kuncishiswa kakhulu ngokushintshela kumitha yokugeleza kagesi.
Ngokuya ngezimpawu zendle enezinguquko ezinkulu zokugeleza, ukungcola, ukugqwala okuphansi, kanye nokuhanjiswa okuthile kukagesi, ama-flowmeters kagesi ayisinqumo esihle sokulinganisa ukugeleza kwendle. Inokwakheka okuhlangene, usayizi omncane, nokufaka okulula, ukusebenza, nokugcinwa. Isibonelo, isistimu yokulinganisa yamukela umklamo ohlakaniphile, futhi ukuvala uphawu jikelele kuyaqiniswa, ngakho-ke ingasebenza ngokujwayelekile ezindaweni ezinokhahlo.
Okulandelayo isingeniso esifushane sezimiso zokukhetha, izimo zokufakwa, kanye nezinyathelo zokuphephai-electromagnetic flowmeters.
Ukukhetha I-Caliber kanye Nobubanzi
Izinga le-transmitter ngokuvamile lifana nelohlelo lwamapayipi. Uma uhlelo lwamapayipi luzoklanywa, izinga lingakhethwa ngokuya ngebanga lokugeleza kanye nezinga lokugeleza. Kumamitha okugeleza kagesi, izinga lokugeleza lingu-2-4m/s lifaneleka kakhulu. Ezimweni ezikhethekile, uma kunezinhlayiya eziqinile oketshezini, uma kucatshangelwa ukugqoka nokukhala, izinga lokugeleza elivamile ≤ 3m / s lingakhethwa. Okoketshezi lokuphatha okulula ukulunamathisela. Isivinini sokugeleza ≥ 2m/s singakhethwa. Ngemva kokunqunywa kwesivinini sokugeleza, izinga lokudlulisela linganqunywa ngokuvumelana ne-qv=D2.
Ububanzi besidlulisi bungakhethwa ngokwezimiso ezimbili: eyodwa iwukuthi isikali esigcwele sethuluzi sikhulu kunevelu yokugeleza ephezulu elindelwe; okunye ukuthi ukugeleza okuvamile kukhulu kune-50% yesikali esigcwele sethuluzi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kwesilinganiso esithile.
Ukukhethwa kwezinga lokushisa nokucindezela
Ingcindezi yoketshezi kanye nezinga lokushisa elingalinganiswa imitha yokugeleza kuka-electromagnetic kulinganiselwe. Lapho ukhetha, ingcindezi yokusebenza kufanele ibe ngaphansi kunokucindezela okucacisiwe kokusebenza kwemitha yokugeleza. Njengamanje, ukucaciswa kwengcindezi yokusebenza kwama-flowmeters kagesi akhiqizwa ekhaya yilezi: ububanzi bungaphansi kuka-50mm, kanti ingcindezi yokusebenza ingu-1.6 MPa.
Isicelo esiteshini sokuhlanza indle
Isiteshi sokuhlanza indle ngokuvamile sisebenzisa imitha yokugeleza kagesi ye-HQ975 ekhiqizwa yi-Shanghai Huaqiang. Ngophenyo nokuhlaziywa kwesimo sokufakwa kwesicelo sesiteshi sokuhlanza indle saseBeiliu seNo. Ingqikithi yama-flow metres angu-7 okuhlanganisa ukuwashwa kabusha, ukugaywa kabusha kwamanzi, nama-flow metres angaphandle anokufundwa nokulimala okunganembile, nezinye iziteshi nazo zinezinkinga ezifanayo.
Isimo samanje nezinkinga ezikhona
Ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa zokusebenza, ngenxa yobukhulu obukhulu bemitha yokugeleza kwamanzi angenayo, ukulinganiswa kwemitha yokugeleza kwamanzi angenayo kwakungalungile. Ukugcinwa kokuqala akuzange kuxazulule inkinga, ngakho-ke ukugeleza kwamanzi kungalinganiselwa kuphela ngokulethwa kwamanzi kwangaphandle. Ngemva konyaka owodwa wokusebenza, amanye ama-flow metre ahlushwa umbani nokulungiswa, futhi ukufundwa kwakungalungile ngokulandelana. Ngenxa yalokho, ukufundwa kwawo wonke amamitha okugeleza kagesi akunalo inani lereferensi. Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona ngisho isenzakalo esiphambene noma amagama angekho. Yonke idatha yokukhiqiza amanzi amanani alinganiselwe. Umthamo wamanzi okhiqizwayo wesiteshi sonke ngokuyisisekelo usesimweni sokungalinganiswa. Isistimu yomthamo wamanzi emibikweni yedatha ehlukahlukene iyinani elilinganiselwe, alinawo umthamo wangempela wamanzi kanye nokwelashwa. Ukunemba nobuqiniso bedatha ehlukahlukene akukwazi ukuqinisekiswa, okwandisa ubunzima bokuphathwa kokukhiqiza.
Ekukhiqizweni kwansuku zonke, ngemva kokuba ithuluzi libe nenkinga, izisebenzi zokulinganisa amamitha esiteshini nasezimayini zabika ngaso kumnyango onekhono izikhathi eziningi futhi zathintana nomkhiqizi ukuze zilungiswe izikhathi eziningi, kodwa akuzange kube namphumela, futhi isevisi yangemuva kokuthengisa yayingeyinhle. Bekudingeka ukuthintana nabasebenzi bezokulungisa izikhathi eziningi ngaphambi kokufika endaweni yesigameko. Imiphumela ayilungile.
Ngenxa yokunemba okubi nezinga eliphezulu lokuhluleka kwethuluzi lokuqala, kunzima ukuhlangabezana nezimfuneko zezinkomba ezihlukahlukene zokulinganisa ngemva kokulungiswa nokulinganisa. Ngemva kophenyo nocwaningo oluningi, iyunithi yabasebenzisi ithumela isicelo sokuchithwa, futhi umnyango onekhono wokulinganisa nokulawula okuzenzakalelayo kweyunithi unesibopho sokugunyazwa. . Amamitha okugeleza kagesi e-HQ975 angakafinyeleli kumpilo yesevisi eshiwo, kodwa abe nempilo ende yesevisi, umonakalo omkhulu noma ukuwohloka kokuguga kuyalahlwa futhi kuvuselelwe, futhi ezinye izinhlobo zama-flowmeter ka-electromagnetic ziyashintshwa ngokuvumelana nezimiso zokukhetha ezingenhla ngokuhambisana nokukhiqizwa kwangempela.
Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha okufanele kanye nokusetshenziswa okufanele kwama-flowmeters kagesi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kokulinganisa nokwelula impilo yesevisi yethuluzi. Ukukhethwa kwemitha eligelezayo kufanele kusekelwe ezidingweni zokukhiqiza, kusukela esimweni sangempela sokuhlinzekwa komkhiqizo wensimbi, kucatshangelwa ngokugcwele ukuphepha, ukunemba kanye nomnotho wesilinganiso, futhi kunqunywe indlela yedivayisi yesampula yokugeleza kanye nohlobo lwethuluzi lokulinganisa ngokuvumelana nemvelo nokugeleza koketshezi olukaliwe kanye nokucaciswa.
Ukukhetha kahle ukucaciswa kwethuluzi nakho kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuqinisekisa impilo yesevisi nokunemba kwethuluzi. Ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekukhethweni kokucindezela okumile nokumelana nokushisa. Ukucindezela okumile kwensimbi yizinga lokumelana nokucindezela, okufanele libe kukhulu kancane kunokucindezela kokusebenza kwendawo elinganisiwe, ngokuvamile izikhathi ezingu-1.25, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi akukho ukuvuza noma ingozi eyenzekayo. Ukukhethwa kobubanzi bokulinganisa ngokuyinhloko ukukhethwa komkhawulo ongaphezulu wesikali sensimbi. Uma ikhethwa incane kakhulu, izolayishwa kalula futhi ilimaze ithuluzi; uma ikhethwe inkulu kakhulu, izovimbela ukunemba kokulinganisa. Ngokuvamile, ikhethwa njengezikhathi ezingu-1.2 kuya kwezingu-1.3 zevelu enkulu yokugeleza ekusebenzeni kwangempela.
Isifinyezo
Phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo zamamitha okugeleza kwendle, imitha yokugeleza kagesi inokusebenza okungcono, futhi imitha yokugeleza kwe-throttling inezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza. Kuphela ngokuqonda ukusebenza okuhambisanayo kwamamitha okugeleza kungakhethwa imitha yokugeleza futhi yakhelwe ukwenza ukukalwa nokulawulwa kokugeleza kwendle Ukunemba nokwethenjwa kwezidingo kuyahlangatshezwana nazo. Ngesisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile kwethuluzi, lwela ukuthuthukisa ukunemba nokonga amandla kwethuluzi. Ngalesi sizathu, akudingekile kuphela ukukhetha ithuluzi lokubonisa elihlangabezana nezidingo zokunemba kodwa futhi nokukhetha indlela yokulinganisa enengqondo ngokuya nezici zendlela elinganisiwe.
Ngamafuphi, ayikho indlela yokulinganisa noma imitha yokugeleza engakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezihlukahlukene zoketshezi nezimo zokugeleza. Izindlela zokulinganisa ezihlukene nezakhiwo zidinga imisebenzi yokulinganisa ehlukene, izindlela zokusetshenziswa, nezimo zokusetshenziswa. Uhlobo ngalunye lunezinzuzo zalo eziyingqayizivele kanye nokushiyeka. Ngakho-ke, uhlobo olungcono kakhulu oluphephile, oluthembekile, oluyongayo, futhi oluhlala isikhathi eside kufanele lukhethwe ngokusekelwe ekuqhathaniseni okuphelele kwezindlela zokulinganisa ezihlukahlukene nezici zamathuluzi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-10-2023