Isingeniso: Ukubaluleka Kwekhwalithi Yamanzi
Amanzi awumgogodla wokuphila, umthombo oyigugu osekela zonke izinto eziphilayo eMhlabeni. Izinga layo liyithinta ngokuqondile impilo yethu, inhlalakahle yethu nendawo ezungezile. Izinkomba eziyinhloko zekhwalithi yamanzi ziyimingcele ebalulekile esisiza ukuhlola ukuphepha nokufaneleka kwamanzi ngezinjongo ezihlukahlukene. Kusukela emanzini okuphuza kuya emisebenzini yokuzilibazisa kanye nokugcinwa kwemvelo, ukuqonda ikhwalithi yamanzi kubalulekile ukuze kube nekusasa elisimeme.
Izinkomba Zekhwalithi Yamanzi Eziyinhloko: Ukuhlola Okujulile
1. Amazinga we-pH:
Ukuqonda Ibhalansi Ye-Acidity kanye Ne-alkalinity Emanzini
Izinga le-pH liyinkomba eyisisekelo yekhwalithi yamanzi. Ikala i-acidity noma i-alkalinity yamanzi esikalini sika-0 kuya ku-14. I-pH engu-7 ayithathi hlangothi, ngaphansi kuka-7 ine-acidic, futhi ngaphezu kuka-7 i-alkaline. Ezimpilweni zasemanzini, i-pH elinganiselayo ibalulekile, njengoba amazinga eqile angalimaza imvelo yasemanzini futhi athinte izinhlobo zasemanzini.
2. Izinsimbi Ezincibilikisiwe Eziphelele (TDS):
Ukuhlola Ukuba Khona Kwezinto Ezincibilikisiwe
I-TDS imele ingqikithi yokuhlangana kwezinto ezingaphili nezingaphili ezincibilikiswe emanzini. Lokhu kungahlanganisa amaminerali, usawoti, kanye nezakhi zokulandelela. Amazinga aphezulu e-TDS angase abe umphumela wokungcola noma imithombo yemvelo, okuthinta kokubili ukunambitheka nokuphepha kwamanzi.
3. I-turbidity:
Ukuqonda Ukucaca Kwamanzi
I-turbidity isho ukuguqubala noma ukuguquguquka kwamanzi okubangelwa ukuba khona kwezinhlayiya ezimisiwe. Imfucumfucu ephezulu ingabonisa ukungcola futhi ivimbele ukungena kokukhanya, kuthinte izitshalo zasemanzini nezinto eziphilayo.
4. Izinga lokushisa:
Ukuhlola Ibhalansi Eshisayo Yamanzi
Izinga lokushisa lamanzi lithonya okuqukethwe komoyampilo oncibilikisiwe futhi lithinta impilo yasemanzini. Ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa ngokushesha kungaphazamisa imvelo futhi kuholele ekwehleni kwezinhlobo ezibucayi.
5. I-Oxygen Encibilikile (DO):
I-Vital Gas for Aquatic Life
I-DO ibalulekile ukuze kuphile izinto eziphilayo zasemanzini. Ibonisa izinga le-oxygen etholakala emanzini, futhi amazinga aphansi e-DO angaholela ku-hypoxia, ukulimaza izinhlanzi nezinye izidalwa zasemanzini.
6. Isidingo Se-Biochemical Oxygen (BOD):
Ukulinganisa Ukungcola Kwezinto Eziphilayo
I-BOD ihlola inani lomoya-mpilo odingwa amagciwane ukuze abole izinto eziphilayo emanzini. Amazinga aphezulu e-BOD abonisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, okungase kubangele i-eutrophication kanye nokulimaza imvelo yasemanzini.
7. Isidingo Se-Chemical Oxygen (COD):
Ukuhlola Ukungcola Kwamakhemikhali
I-COD ikala inani lomoya-mpilo osetshenziswa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali emanzini. Amazinga e-COD aphakeme abonisa ukuba khona kwamakhemikhali noma ukungcola, okubeka izingozi kokubili kubantu naseziphila emanzini.
8. Amazinga eNitrate nePhosphate:
Ukuhlola Ukungcoliswa Kwezakhi
Ama-nitrate amaningi nama-phosphates emanzini angabangela i-eutrophication, okuholela ekuqhakazeni kwe-algal kanye nokunciphisa amazinga omoya-mpilo, kube nomthelela omubi ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini.
9. Ama-Coliform Aphelele kanye ne-E. coli:
Ukuthola Ukungcola Kwamagciwane
I-Coliforms kanye ne-E. coli yizinkomba zokungcoliswa kwendle emanzini, okungase kube nokuthwala amagciwane ayingozi angabangela izifo ezibangelwa amanzi.
10. Izinsimbi Ezisindayo:
Ukuqaphela Ukungcola Okunobuthi
Izinsimbi ezisindayo njengomthofu, i-mercury, ne-arsenic zingangcolisa imithombo yamanzi, zibe yingozi enkulu yempilo kubantu nasezilwaneni zasendle.
11. I-Chlorine Residual:
Ukuhlola Ukubulala Amagciwane Amanzi
Insalela ye-chlorine iqinisekisa ukuba khona kwe-chlorine eyanele emanzini ngemva kokukhishwa kwamagciwane, ivikela ekukhuleni kwamagciwane ngesikhathi sokusabalalisa.
12. I-Trihalomethanes (THMs):
Ukuqapha Imikhiqizo Ye-Chlorination
Ama-THM akha lapho i-chlorine ihlangana nezinto eziphilayo emanzini. Amazinga aphezulu angabeka engcupheni yezempilo futhi ayinkinga emanzini okuphuza ane-chlorine.
13. Iradoni:
Ukuthola Ukungcola Kwemisebe
I-radon iyigesi ekhipha imisebe eyenzeka ngokwemvelo engancibilika emanzini angaphansi komhlaba. Amazinga aphezulu e-radon emanzini angaholela ezingcupheni zezempilo ezingaba khona lapho esetshenziswa.
14. I-Fluoride:
Ukulinganisa Impilo Yamazinyo
I-Fluoride inenzuzo empilweni yamazinyo uma ikhona ngaphakathi kwamazinga afanele emanzini. Kodwa-ke, i-fluoride ngokweqile ingaholela ku-fluorosis yamazinyo nezinye izindaba zezempilo.
15. I-Arsenic:
Ukuqonda Izingozi Zokungcoliswa kwe-Arsenic
I-Arsenic iyinto enobuthi engenzeka ngokwemvelo noma ngemisebenzi yezimboni, ebeka ubungozi obukhulu bezempilo ekugxilweni okuphezulu.
16. Ukuqina:
Ukuhlola Ukuthamba Kwamanzi
Ukuqina kubhekisela ekubeni khona kwe-calcium ne-magnesium ion emanzini, okuthinta ukufaneleka kwayo ngezinjongo zasekhaya nezimboni.
17. Ama-sulfate:
Ukuhlola Ukunambitha Kwamanzi Nephunga
Ama-sulfate angabangela amanzi ukuthi anambithe futhi ahogele kabi. Ukuqapha amazinga e-sulfate kuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yamanzi ukuze asetshenziswe nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.
18. Ingqikithi Yekhabhoni Yemvelo (TOC):
Ukulinganisa Izinhlanganisela ze-Organic
I-TOC ikhombisa izinga lezinto eziphilayo emanzini, ezingasabela ngezibulala-magciwane ukuze zakhe imikhiqizo eyingozi.
19. I-Haloacetic Acids (HAAs) kanye ne-Trihalomethanes (THMs):
Ukulinganisa Imikhiqizo Ye-Disinfection
Ama-HAA nama-THM ayimikhiqizo yokubulala amagciwane eyakhiwe lapho i-chlorine ihlangana nezinto eziphilayo. Ukuqapha lezi zinhlanganisela kuqinisekisa ukukhishwa kwamanzi aphephile.
20. Umthofu kanye Nethusi:
Ukuvikela Kumapayipi Angcolisiwe
Umthofu nethusi kungangena emanzini kusuka emapayipini nasezintweni, okudinga ukuqapha ukuze kuvikelwe impilo yomphakathi.
21. Amaplastiki amancane:
Ukuthola Izinto Ezingcolisayo Okukhathazayo
Ama-Microplastics abe yinkinga ecindezelayo ekuhlolweni kwekhwalithi yamanzi, ebeka ubungozi empilweni yasemanzini kanye nemiphumela yempilo yabantu engaba khona.
Ingxenye yokugcina igcizelela ukubaluleka kwesibopho somuntu ngamunye ekugcineni imithombo yamanzi, ukuvikela ikhwalithi yamanzi, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwamanzi ahlanzekile naphephile ezizukulwaneni ezilandelayo.
Izinkomba Zekhwalithi Yamanzi Eziyinhloko: Isihluthulelo Sekusasa Elinempilo
Ukuqonda izinkomba zekhwalithi yamanzi kubalulekile ekulondolozeni umthombo wethu oyigugu kakhulu - amanzi. Kusukela kumazinga e-pH kuye kwezinsimbi ezisindayo kanye nokungcola kwamagciwane, inkomba ngayinye idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhloleni ikhwalithi yamanzi kanye nokuhlonza izingozi ezingaba khona. Ngokuvuma lezi zinkomba nokusebenzisa izinyathelo ezidingekayo, singakwazi ukuvikela impilo yethu, sivikele imvelo, futhi sivikele ikusasa elisimeme lawo wonke umuntu.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa:
Umbuzo: Kufanele ngiwahlole kangaki amanzi ami okuphuza ukuze ngibone ukuthi angcolile?
IMP: Kunconywa ukuthi uhlole amanzi akho okuphuza njalo ngonyaka ukuze uthole ukungcola okuvamile okufana namagciwane, umthofu, nama-nitrate. Uma ubona izinguquko zokunambitheka, iphunga, noma umbala, cabanga ukuhlola kaningi.
Umbuzo: Ngingathembela emibikweni yezinsiza zamanzi zomphakathi ukuze ngithole ulwazi lwekhwalithi yamanzi?
IMP: Nakuba izinsiza zamanzi zomphakathi kufanele zinikeze imibiko yonyaka yekhwalithi yamanzi, kusewusizo ukwenza ukuhlola okuzimele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba nokuphepha kolwazi.
Umbuzo: Ingabe izihlungi zamanzi ziyasebenza ekukhipheni konke ukungcola emanzini?
A: Izihlungi zamanzi ziyahlukahluka ekusebenzeni. Ezinye zingasusa ukungcola okuthile, kuyilapho ezinye zinikeza ukuhlunga okuphelele. Khetha isihlungi esiqinisekiswe inhlangano enedumela elihle ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle.
Umbuzo: Ngingakwehlisa kanjani ukungcoliswa kwamanzi endaweni yangakithi?
IMPENDULO: Unganciphisa ukungcoliswa kwamanzi ngokulahla imfucuza ngendlela efanele, usebenzisa imikhiqizo evumelana nemvelo, ukonga amanzi, kanye nezinhlelo ezisekelayo ezikhuthaza izinqubo zamanzi ahlanzekile.
Umbuzo: Yiziphi izingozi zezempilo zokusebenzisa amanzi angcolile?
IMPENDULO: Ukusebenzisa amanzi angcolile kungaholela ezinkingeni zezempilo ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izinkinga zamathumbu, izifo, ukubambezeleka kwentuthuko, kanye nezifo ezingelapheki zesikhathi eside.
Umbuzo: Ngingafaka kanjani isandla emizamweni yokonga amanzi?
IMPENDULO: Ungakwazi ukonga amanzi ngokulungisa ukuvuza, ngokusebenzisa izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezonga amanzi, ukusebenzisa amanzi ngokucophelela, nokusekela imikhankaso yokonga amanzi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-28-2023