Umhlahlandlela Wabaqalayo Kumamitha Okugeleza Okujwayelekile angu-7 kanye Namathiphu Okukhetha

Isilinganiso sokugeleza akuyona nje imininingwane yobuchwepheshe; wumfutho wezinqubo zezimboni, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha, ukunemba, nokonga izindleko. Ngezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-100 zeamamitha okugelezaezikhukhula emakethe namuhla, ukukhetha eyodwa enesilinganiso esingcono kakhulu sokusebenza-kuya-intengo kungazwakala kungaphezu kwamandla. Lo mhlahlandlela uhlola imininingwane ebalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kokugeleza, okukusiza ukuthi uzule ezinqumweni ngokuzethemba. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungunjiniyela olungiselela ipayipi noma umphathi obhajethela ukuthuthukisa, ake singene kokubalulekile kwezinhlobo zamamitha agelezayo, amandla azo, namathiphu asebenzayo wokukhetha.

Ukuqonda Amamitha Okugeleza: Kungani Abalulekile Ku-Industrial Automation

Ukugelezaisilinganisoisipharamitha yesisekelo ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni, elawula yonke into kusukela ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali kuya ekusabalaliseni amandla. Ngawo-1970s, ubuchwepheshe bengcindezi ehlukile bubambe isabelo semakethe esingu-80%, kodwa ukuqanjwa kabusha sekwethule izinketho ezihlakaniphile neziguquguqukayo. Namuhla,ukukhetha ukugelezaimithakuhilelaukulinganisa izici ezifana nohlobo loketshezi, izimo zokusebenza, izidingo zokunemba, kanye nesabelomali. Kusukela kumasistimu wokugunyaza ezindaweni ezinokhahlo, njengezinsimbi zikawoyela zasogwini noma izindawo zokuhlanza ikhemisi, ukhiye ukufanisa izici zemitha nohlelo lwakho lokusebenza oluthile ukuze ugweme isikhathi sokuphumula nokufunda okunganembile.

Lokhu okuthunyelwe kuzohlola izigaba eziyisikhombisa ezinkulu zamamitha okugeleza avame ukusetshenziswa embonini, kugqanyiswe izici zabo, okuhle, okubi, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza emikhakheni yezinhlobo. Vele ulandelele ukuze ube yingcweti kumasu achazwe ngokukhetha imitha yokugeleza!

1. I-Differential Pressure Flow Meters: I-Workhorse Ethembekile

Ukucindezela okuhlukileukulinganisaizinsalelaubuchwepheshe bokugeleza obusetshenziswa kakhulu, obukwazi ukuphatha uketshezi lwesigaba esisodwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu nezingcindezi. Ekudlondlobaleni kwayo ngeminyaka yawo-1970, yathatha ama-80% emakethe ngesizathu esihle. Lawa mamitha ngokuvamile ahlanganisa idivayisi edonsayo (njenge-orifice plate, umlomo wombhobho, ishubhu le-Pitot, noma ishubhu le-Pitot elimaphakathi) elibhangqwe nesidluliseli.

Idivayisi edonsayo inciphisa ukugeleza koketshezi, idale umehluko wengcindezi phezulu nomfula ophansi olingana nezinga lokugeleza. Amapuleti e-Orifice yiwona ongakhetha kukho ngenxa yobulula nokuwafaka kalula. Inqobo nje uma zakhiwe futhi zifakiwe ngokwezinga ngalinye (cabanga nge-ISO 5167), ziletha izilinganiso ezinokwethenjelwa ngaphandle kokudinga ukulinganiswa kokugeleza kwangempela kodwa ukuhlolwa nje okusheshayo.

Sesikushilo lokho, wonke amadivaysi e-throttling ethula ukulahleka kwengcindezi okungapheli. Ipuleti le-orifice elicijile lingalahlekelwa u-25-40% wokucindezela okukhulu okuhlukile, okuhlanganisa izindleko zamandla emisebenzini emikhulu. Amashubhu e-Pitot, ngakolunye uhlangothi, anokulahlekelwa okunganakwa kodwa azwela ezinguqukweni zephrofayili yokugeleza, uma kubhekwa ukuthi isiphithiphithi singaphazamisa ukufunda kwawo.

Embonini ye-petrochemical, o-opharetha bashintshanisa amapuleti e-orifice aphelelwe yisikhathi amashubhu e-Venturi ukuze banciphise ukwehla kwengcindezi, okuholele ekwehleni ngo-15% kokusetshenziswa kwamandla epompo. Ngakho-ke, lapho usebenzisana noketshezi lwe-viscous noma ama-slurries, kunengqondo ukucabangela isilinganiso samashubhu e-Pitot ukuze uthole ukunemba okungcono ekugelezeni okungalingani. Okufanele sikubale ukuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi qinisekisa ukuthi okungenani amapayipi angama-10-20 amadayimitha aqondile akhuphuka nomfula ukuze uzinzise iphrofayili yokugeleza, noma ama-opharetha angase avaleleke ekhanda lokulinganisa.

2. Amamitha Okugeleza Kwendawo Eguquguqukayo: Ubulula Buhlangana Nokuhlukahluka

Ii-rotameter yesakhiwo sodumo imelelaamamitha okugeleza kwendawo eguquguqukayo, lapho ukuntanta kukhuphuka ngeshubhu elicijile ngokulingana nezinga lokugeleza. Inzuzo yabo evelele? Ukufundwa okuqondile, kusayithi ngaphandle kwamandla angaphandle, alungele ukuhlolwa okusheshayo ensimini.

Lezi ziza ngama-flavour amabili ayinhloko: i-glass tube rotameters yemidiya ezungezile, engagqwali njengomoya, amagesi, noma i-argon, enikeza ukubonakala okucacile nokufundeka kalula;futhiinsimbiithubhui-rotameterizinguqulongezinkomba kazibuthe zezimo zokushisa eziphezulu noma zokucindezela okukhulu. Eyokugcina ingakhipha amasignali ajwayelekile okuhlanganiswangeabaqophayooramathothali.

Izinhlobonhlobo zesimanje zifaka imiklamo yekhonikhali elayishwe intwasahlobo engenawo ama-condensate chambers, eziqhayisa nge-100:1 turndown ratio kanye nokuphumayo okuwumugqa, okulungele ukukala isitimu.

Uma kukhulunywa ngezinhlelo ezibanzi, ama-rotameter amaningi akhethwa ukuthi asetshenziswe kuzilungiselelo zelebhu ukuze kuhlanganiswe igesi, okonga izindleko zezintambo ngenxa yezidingo zamandla angekho. Kodwa ngokuqaphela ukudlidliza, ama-rotameters angabangela i-float jitter kanye nokufundwa okungamanga. Ekuthuthukisweni kwendawo yokuphuzela utshwala, isibonelo, amamodeli weshubhu yensimbi aphatha ukugeleza kwewort eshisayo, anweba impilo yesevisi ngokuphindwe kathathu, kuyilapho izinguqulo zengilazi ezihlomile ezinezintambo ze-PTFE ziyindlela evumelana nesabelomali, kodwa opharetha kudingeka bazilinganise minyaka yonke ukuze balondoloze ukunemba okungu-1-2%.

3. I-Vortex Flow Meters: I-Oscillation ye-Precision

Amamitha we-Vortex, isibonelo esiyinhloko sezinhlobo ze-oscillatory, beka umzimba we-bluff endleleni yokugeleza, okhiqiza ama-vortices ashintshanayo lapho imvamisa yawo ihambisana nesivinini. Azikho izingxenye ezinyakazayo zisho ukuphindaphinda okuhle kakhulu, ukuphila isikhathi eside, nokunakekelwa okuncane.

Ibambe izinzuzo njengobubanzi bomugqa obanzi, ukungavikeleki kumazinga okushisa, ingcindezi, ukuminyana, noma amashifu e-viscosity, ukuncipha kwengcindezi ephansi, nokunemba okuphezulu (0.5-1%), amamitha okugeleza kwe-vortex aphatha kufika ku-300°C no-30 MPa, awenza asebenziseke ngezindlela eziningi kumagesi, uketshezi, nesitimu.

Indlela yokuzwa kumamitha okugeleza kwe-vortex iyahlukahluka ngokumaphakathi: izinzwa ze-piezoelectric zilungele umusi, izinzwa ezishisayo noma ze-ultrasonic zifanelana nomoya, futhi cishe zonke izinketho zezinzwa zisebenzela amanzi. Ngokufanayo namapuleti e-orifice, i-flow coefficient inqunywa ubukhulu bemitha.

Kuphrojekthi yepayipi legesi yemvelo, amamitha e-vortex enza kahle kakhulu kunama-turbines ekugelezeni okuguquguqukayo, ehlisa amaphutha ukusuka ku-5% ukuya ngaphansi kwe-1%. Azwela ukufakwa, okuqinisekisa ukugijima okuqondile futhi kugweme ukuba seduze kwamavalvu. Uma kukhulunywa ngamathrendi avelayo, amamitha we-vortex angenawaya anempilo yebhethri engafika eminyakeni eyi-10 kumasayithi akude.

4. Amamitha Okugeleza Kagesi: Umngane Ongcono Kakhulu we-Conductive Fluids

Amamitha kagesi, noma ama-mag metres, asizakala ngomthetho kaFaraday, othi: Uketshezi oluguquguqukayo olunqamula indawo kazibuthe lwenza i-voltage ilingane nokugeleza. Ikhawulelwe kumidiya eqhubayo, lawa mamitha awathintwa izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, ukuminyana, noma i-viscosity—ngokweqile, okungenani—ngokujika kwe-100:1 kanye nokunemba okungu-0.5%. Ubukhulu bamapayipi busukela ku-2mm ukuya ku-3m, amanzi afanelekile, ama-slurries, ama-pulps, noma izinto ezibolayo.

Amamitha okugeleza kagesi akhiqiza amasiginali abuthakathaka (2.5–8 mV esikalini esigcwele), ngakho ukwenza isivikelo esifanele kanye nokubeka phansi kubalulekile ukuze kugwenywe ukuphazamiseka kwezinjini.

Amamitha okugeleza kwe-electromagnetic ahamba phambili ezindaweni zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile, ezikala ngokwethembeka uketshezi olungcolile njengama-slurries ngaphandle kokuvaleka. Ngokungafani namamitha emishini, ama-mag metres awanazo izingxenye ezihambayo. Oketshezini olubolayo, olufana namanzi angcolile ane-asidi, ukuthuthukela kuma-mag metres ane-PFA-lined kunganciphisa izidingo zokulungisa kufika ku-50% njengoba kubonakala ekubuyiselweni kwesitshalo kwakamuva. Ukwengeza, ama-mag metres anamandla ebhethri athola amandla okulinganisa amanzi akude, anikeza ukuguquguquka ezindaweni ezingaphandle kwegridi kuyilapho egcina ukuthembeka okufanayo kwe-clog-free.

5. I-Ultrasonic Flow Meters: I-Non-Intrusive Innovation

Ukugeleza kwe-ultrasonicamamithawozaezinhlotsheni ezimbili eziyinhloko: i-Doppler nesikhathi sendiza (TOF).I-Doppleramamithaisilinganisoukugeleza ngokuthola ama-frequency shifts ezinhlayiyeni ezimisiwe, okuwenza alungele isivinini esikhulu, uketshezi olungcolile olufana nama-slurries, kodwa angasebenzi kahle ngesivinini esiphansi noma indawo yamapayipi amaholoholo.

Amamitha we-TOF, abala ukugeleza ngokusekelwe kumehluko wesikhathi wamaza e-ultrasonic ahamba nawo futhi ngokumelene nokugeleza, ahamba phambili oketshezini oluhlanzekile, olufana namanzi, adinga ugesi onembile ukuze unembe. Imiklamo ye-TOF enemishayo eminingi ithuthukisa ukusebenza ekugelezeni okuneziyaluyalu, enikeza ukwethembeka okukhulu kumasistimu ayinkimbinkimbi.

Ohlelweni lwamanzi abandayo okubuyisela kabusha, amamitha e-ultrasonic e-clamp-on TOF asindise izinkulungwane ngokususa isidingo sokusikwa kwamapayipi noma ukuvala shaqa, kuzuzwe ukunemba okungu-1% ngokulinganisa okufanele. Kodwa-ke, amabhamuza omoya noma ukumbozwa kwamapayipi kungaphazamisa ukufundwa, ngakho-ke ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwesizinda kubalulekile. Ngokuhlolwa kwenkundla, amayunithi e-ultrasonic aphathekayo abaluleke kakhulu, ahlinzeka ngokuxilonga ngokushesha ngaphandle kokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwesistimu.

6. I-Turbine Flow Meters: Isivinini nokunemba ekuhambeni

Ukugeleza kwe-turbineamamitha sebenzangesimiso sokulondoloza umfutho, lapho ukugeleza koketshezi kuzungeza i-rotor, futhi isivinini se-rotor sihlobana ngokuqondile nezinga lokugeleza. Lawa mamitha abusa ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukunemba okuphezulu, ngamadizayini aqondene negesi anama-engeli ama-blade amancane nama-blade engeziwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kuketshezi olungaminyana kakhulu. Ziletha ukunemba okukhethekile (0.2–0.5%, noma u-0.1% ezimeni ezikhethekile), isilinganiso sokwehla esingu-10:1, ukulahlekelwa kwengcindezi ephansi, nokusebenza okuqinile ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu, kodwa zidinga uketshezi oluhlanzekile kanye nokugijima kwamapayipi aqondile okwanele ukuze kugwenywe amaphutha abangelwa isiyaluyalu.

Kuhlelo lwamafutha endiza,ukugeleza kwe-turbineamamithakuqinisekisiwekhomba ukunemba kokudluliselwa kwesitokisi, okubalulekile ekunembeni kwenkokhelo. Osayizi abancane bore bakhulisa ukuzwela ku-fluid density kanye ne-viscosity, ngakho-ke ukuhlunga kwangaphambili okuqinile kuyadingeka ukuze kuvinjelwe amaphutha ahlobene nemfucumfucu. Imiklamo eyi-Hybrid enama-pickups kazibuthe athuthukise ukuthembeka ngokunciphisa ukugqokwa kwemishini.

7. I-Positive Displacement Flow Meters: I-Volumetric Precision

Amamitha okugeleza okuhamba kahle akala ukugeleza ngokucupha nokukhipha amavolumu angaguquki uketshezi ngokuzungezisa ngakunye, kusetshenziswa imiklamo efana negiya eliqanda, i-rotary piston, noma izinhlobo ze-scraper. Amamitha egiya eliyisiyingi ahlinzeka ngesilinganiso esingu-20:1 sokwehla nokunemba okuphezulu (imvamisa engu-0.5% noma okungcono) kodwa asengozini yokuminyaniswa emfucumfucwini oketshezini. Amamitha e-Rotary piston ahamba phambili ekuphatheni amavolumu amakhulu, noma ukwakheka kwawo kungavumela ukuvuza okuncane, kube nomthelela wokunemba ezimeni zokugeleza okuphansi.

Akuthintwa i-viscosity yoketshezi, amamitha e-PD alungele uketshezi olufana nowoyela namanzi, kodwa awafaneleki amagesi noma isitimu ngenxa yendlela yawo yevolumu.

Embonini yokucubungula ukudla, amamitha e-PD, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo zamagiya ayisiyingi, abebalulekile ekudoselweni okunembile kweqoqo lamasyrups e-viscous, okuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo engaguquki. Nokho, imfucumfucu kumasiraphu angahlungiwe ibangele ukuminyana ngezikhathi ezithile, okugcizelela isidingo sezinhlelo zokuhlunga eziqinile. Imiklamo ye-clean-in-place (CIP) enciphise kakhulu isikhathi sokuphumula ngokwenza lula ukunakekelwa, isishintshi segeyimu kolayini abaphuma phambili.

Ukukhetha Imitha Yokugeleza Elungile: Amathiphu Ochwepheshe Wempumelelo

Ukukhetha imitha yokugeleza efanele kubalulekile ekwandiseni izinqubo zezimboni, njengoba kungekho imitha eyodwa evumelana nazo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza. Ukuze wenze ukukhetha unolwazi, hlola izici eziyinhloko: izici eziwuketshezi (isb, i-viscosity, ukubola, noma okuqukethwe okuyizinhlayiyana), ububanzi bokugeleza (amanani aphansi naphezulu), ukunemba okudingekayo (kusuka ku-0.1% ukuze udluliselwe esitokisini kuya ku-2% wokuqapha okuvamile), izithiyo zokufakwa (njengosayizi wepayipi, izidingo eziqhutshwa ngokuqondile, kanye nenani lezindleko zokuthengwa, ubunikazi bendawo), ukulinganiselwa kwezindleko zokuthenga, ubunikazi bendawo), izindleko).

Ngokulinganisa ngokuhlelekile lezi zici ngokumelene nezidingo zenqubo yakho, ngokufanelekile ngokuhlolwa komshayeli noma ukubonisana nomthengisi, ungakhetha imitha ebhalansisa ukusebenza nesabelomali.